It's a busy time for professional sports fans.
National Basketball Association (NBA) and National Hockey League (NHL) playoffs are in full swing.
Major League Baseball's (MLB) early season is already full of surprises. Just what is wrong with the World Series champion Red Sox and Chris Sale?
The National Football League (NFL) just completed its annual player draft.
Now another acronym, this one tax-related, is getting into the games.
Exchange alterations: On Monday, April 29, Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Revenue Procedure 2019-18 will be officially published, solving a player valuation problem created by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).
The new tax law enacted in late 2017 made changes to the Internal Revenue Code's Section 1031, which covers what is commonly referred to as like-kind exchanges of business property.
Before the new law, professional sports teams generally treated personnel trades as like-kind property. That way, they didn't have to recognize gains in the years the transactions were made.
The TCJA, however, restricts 1031 exchanges to real property. Under the new law, sports teams that trade players would effectively be trading players' contracts, which are regarded as assets for tax purposes.
Tax costs of trades: The TCJA change meant that teams would have to pay taxes every time they traded players instead of using the prior Section 1031 application that let them make the trades on a tax-free basis.
And that possibility, complained team owners and managers, likely would discourage trades.
Grant Thornton's national tax office elaborates on the tax problem facing the sports franchises:
Over the life of a player's contract, the value may fluctuate based on many factors, including performance, the needs of the team, fan attendance, size of the team's market, injuries and the expectations of the player’s team. Generally, each team that makes a trade of player contract or draft pick believes that it is receiving something of equal or greater value than what it gave up.
However, the determination of whether a player is paid above or below market may be different for each team involved in the trade, because of the difficulties in valuing a player's contract. As a result, assigning a monetary value to the player contract would likely be different for each team involved in a trade, which makes the determination of an amount realized in the exchange difficult.
Exemption for team trades: Rev. Proc. 2019-18 rectifies that.
It provides a safe harbor for a professional sports team to treat certain player and staff-member contracts and draft picks as having a zero value for determining gain or loss to be recognized for federal income tax purposes on the trade of player and staff-member contracts or draft picks.
If the exchange qualifies for the safe harbor method, there is generally no gain or loss on the trade.
However, if cash is involved things change. When a team receives cash, that amount becomes an amount realized and, to the extent there is no basis in the player contract given up, the cash will be an amount recognized as a gain.
The reason for the safe harbor, according to the IRS revenue procedure, is "to avoid highly subjective, complex, lengthy and expensive disputes upon exam. In order to qualify: (1) all parties to the exchange must use the safe harbor; (2) the exchange may only include player contracts, draft picks and cash; (3) no personnel contract or draft pick may be a Section 197 intangible; and (4) the financial statements of the teams must not reflect assets or liabilities from the trades, other than cash."
Be sure to keep all this in mind, along with the harsh reality that the game you love and often breaks your heart is at its core a money-making business, the next time your teams trade players. I know I will, once I finish cheering or cursing the move.
Yay team, if not tax policy: I have mixed feelings here.
Major league sports teams owned by incredibly rich owners getting specific tax relief is galling when it comes to overall tax fairness.
But then I've grown used to, if not happy with, such tax benefits getting doled out like this.
It's going to take a lot more than periodic tax bills to change our continual them that's got shall get tax policy approach.
On the other hand, however, I want my favorite teams to make trades based on club needs without having them potentially torpedoed by taxes.
These dueling tax and sports feelings are why RP 2019-18 earns this week's By the Numbers recognition.
You also might find these items of interest:
- Tax law change could imperil sports' box seats
- Lawmaker goes to bat for Texas Rangers' ballpark tax break
- Now-legal betting on football playoff games should pay off for IRS, too
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Chris
This is not exactly a tax break – it’s really the IRS avoiding a difficult analysis that may or may not have resulted in tax. The value of the contract is only in it being at or below market value, and as the accountants quoted point out, that’s a difficult analysis that’s probably not worth engaging in.